What an 18th-century scientist saw in heaven: Emanuel Swedenborg's vision of the afterlife
I want to introduce you to someone whose work has been sitting quietly behind a lot of what I write about, even before I started this Edgar Cayce research. His name was Emanuel Swedenborg, and if you have never heard of him, you are far from alone. But once you know his story, I think you will understand why so many serious thinkers, scientists, and writers over the last two hundred and fifty years have taken him seriously, even when his claims sound almost too strange to believe.
Swedenborg was born in Stockholm in 1688, into a devoutly religious family, and he spent the first half of his life as one of the most respected scientists in Europe. He was an inventor, an engineer, an anatomist, a mining expert given a seat among Swedish nobility by the crown. This was not a fringe figure or a wandering mystic with no credibility to lose. This was a man of rigorous, established scientific standing, the kind of person you would least expect to spend the last twenty-seven years of his life claiming daily conversations with angels.
But that is exactly what happened. At the age of fifty-six, Swedenborg entered what he described as a spiritual awakening, a period of intense dreams and visions that culminated in what he believed was direct contact with the divine. From that point in 1745 until his death in 1772, he claimed his eyes had been opened to freely visit heaven and hell, to speak with angels, spirits, and the souls of people he had known and people he never had, and to bring back detailed reports of what he found there. He wrote it all down, meticulously, the same careful documentation you would expect from the scientist he had always been. His most famous work, Heaven and Hell, remains in print today, nearly three hundred years later, and its influence has reached figures as varied as the poet William Blake, the philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson, and the writer Jorge Luis Borges.
I find myself drawn back to Swedenborg's work again and again in my own research, because so much of what he described lines up with what I have come to understand through years of mediumship, and with what shows up again and again across other traditions I have studied, including Cayce's readings. When multiple sources this different from each other, separated by centuries and continents and completely different starting points, keep describing the same underlying shape of the afterlife, I think that convergence is worth paying attention to.
It also helps to understand a little about how Swedenborg himself described these experiences, because it was not passive dreaming or vague impressions. He wrote that he was fully conscious during these visits, walking through spiritual landscapes and holding conversations the same way he might describe walking through a garden and talking with a friend. He kept a spiritual diary for decades, recording what he saw and heard in careful, dated entries. Whatever you make of his claims, the sheer discipline and consistency of the record he left behind is unusual. This was not a man prone to embellishment. It was a scientist, applying the same rigor to the afterlife that he had once applied to anatomy and engineering.
Heaven and hell are not places you get sent
The first thing that struck me reading Swedenborg's work is how differently he frames the whole concept of heaven and hell. We tend to think of them as destinations, places assigned to us after some kind of judgment, the way a court might assign a sentence. Swedenborg describes something far more intimate than that, and honestly, far more just.
According to his writings, heaven and hell are not verdicts handed down by an external authority. They are expressions of who a person has actually become over the course of their life. Someone oriented toward love, toward genuine care for others, toward what Swedenborg calls "the good of the neighbor," naturally gravitates toward the company and the state of being that we call heaven. Someone oriented instead toward the love of self, toward using others for their own gain, naturally gravitates toward what we call hell. Nobody is sent anywhere. Souls sort themselves, drawn by the pull of what they already love most.
I think this reframe matters enormously, especially for anyone carrying old fears about a punishing God waiting to catch them in a mistake. Swedenborg's vision removes the punisher from the picture entirely. What replaces it is something closer to natural law. You become what you love, and after death, you simply continue being that, in the company of others who share it.
I think about how often this shows up in the fears people bring to me in readings, the quiet worry that a loved one's flaws, their temper, their mistakes, their unfinished growth, might have counted against them in some final tally. Swedenborg's framework offers something gentler than a tally. It suggests that what actually determines someone's experience after death is not a record of individual failures weighed against successes, but the deeper orientation of their heart, the thing they spent their life actually loving most, underneath all the mistakes along the way. A person who loved genuinely, even imperfectly, even with real flaws, still gravitates toward that same natural state of warmth and connection. The imperfection does not disqualify the love.
The soul does not change instantly at death
One detail from Swedenborg's writings that I find especially moving is his description of what happens in the earliest period after death, a stage he calls the world of spirits. This is not heaven, and it is not hell. It is something closer to a threshold, a middle realm where the soul spends time adjusting before it moves on to wherever it will ultimately settle.
During this period, Swedenborg describes the soul gradually shedding the outer self it maintained during physical life, the version of itself shaped by social expectation, by the need to manage how others perceived it. Bit by bit, what remains is the soul's true underlying character, the part that was always there beneath the performance of daily life. This process is not sudden. It unfolds gradually, gently, giving the soul time to recognize and settle into who it actually is, free of the pressures that shaped its outer behavior while alive.
I think about how much of our lives here are spent managing impressions, softening our real feelings, presenting a version of ourselves calibrated to what other people expect. Swedenborg's description suggests that none of that survives death. What is left, eventually, is simply the truth of who you were underneath it all. For some people that might be an uncomfortable thought. But I find it strangely relieving. There is nowhere left to hide, but there is also nothing left to perform. You finally just get to be exactly who you are.
This also offers something I think is worth sitting with if you are grieving someone whose final years were marked by illness, confusion, or a personality that seemed to change under the weight of suffering. Swedenborg's description suggests that whatever surface distortions physical decline or hardship placed over a person's true nature, none of that is permanent. The world of spirits is where those layers fall away. What emerges afterward is not the confused or diminished version you may have witnessed at the end, but the person's actual, underlying self, restored and whole.
Angels were once people like us
One detail that surprised me most in this research is Swedenborg's insistence that angels are not a separate category of being, created differently from humans and stationed above us in some cosmic hierarchy. According to his writings, every angel was once a human being who lived an earthly life and, through the natural sorting process described above, settled into heaven after death. There is no separate species of angel. There is only us, at different points along the same continuum.
This connects to something I hear constantly from clients, the hope that a parent, a spouse, a child who has passed might in some sense still be watching over them, guiding them, present in a way that feels almost angelic. Swedenborg's framework suggests that hope is not naive. If angels are simply souls who have settled fully into love, then the people we lost, if they lived with real love and care, are not so far from that description themselves. The line between "someone I loved" and "an angel" turns out to be much thinner than we usually imagine.
I should say, in fairness, that Swedenborg had critics in his own time and has them still. Some of his contemporaries dismissed his visions outright, and modern skeptics point out that there is no way to verify any of it against physical evidence, the same limitation that applies to most firsthand spiritual testimony. I don't think that skepticism should be dismissed. It is a reasonable response to an extraordinary claim. But I also think it is worth noticing that a man with everything to lose professionally, a respected scientist with a reputation built over decades, chose to spend the last third of his life documenting these experiences anyway, in careful, methodical detail, at real risk to how history would remember him. That choice does not prove his visions were real. But it does suggest he believed, with total conviction, that they were.
The structure of heaven itself
Swedenborg's descriptions of heaven itself are remarkably detailed, more detailed than almost any other account I have come across in this research. He describes heaven as organized not by geography the way we understand it, but by what he calls correspondence, meaning the outer form of heaven mirrors the inner spiritual state of the souls who inhabit it. Communities form around shared loves and shared understanding. Souls with similar inner natures are drawn together, not by force, but by the same natural gravity that shapes everything else in this framework.
He also describes heaven as tiered, not in a hierarchy of reward but in something closer to depth of understanding and capacity for love. Some souls exist in what he calls the celestial heaven, closest to direct, intuitive love of the divine. Others exist in the spiritual heaven, understanding truth more through reason and conscious insight. Both are described as complete and joyful in their own right. Neither is lesser. They are simply different expressions of the same underlying reality, suited to the particular soul experiencing them.
What I appreciate about this structure is how it avoids the trap so many afterlife descriptions fall into, the idea that heaven is a single uniform reward handed out equally to everyone regardless of who they actually are. Swedenborg's heaven adapts to the soul, rather than asking the soul to conform to some fixed, generic version of paradise. It sounds, in a strange way, like the most personalized experience imaginable, tailored exactly to who you have become.
He goes even further, describing entire communities within heaven organized around particular kinds of usefulness and love, the way a person who spent their life caring for others might find themselves among a community centered on that same nurturing quality, while someone whose love expressed itself through wisdom or teaching might settle among others oriented the same way. Nothing here is wasted or set aside. The particular shape of a person's love in life becomes, in Swedenborg's afterlife, the very thing that places them exactly where they belong.
Marriage and love continue
One of the more tender details in Swedenborg's writings concerns what happens to deep romantic love after death. He describes something he calls conjugial love, a union between two souls so complete that it continues, and can even deepen, in the afterlife. Not every earthly marriage qualifies, in his framework. He is specific that this describes a true spiritual union between two people whose inner natures are genuinely matched, rather than simply a legal or social arrangement. But when that kind of bond exists, Swedenborg suggests it does not end with death. It continues, and grows.
I think about how often people ask me, in readings, whether they will be reunited with a spouse they lost, whether that particular love, the one that shaped so much of their life, still exists somewhere. Swedenborg's answer, if his visions are to be trusted, is a clear yes, with the added suggestion that the truest version of that love might only become more fully itself once free of the practical burdens and misunderstandings that so often complicate love here on earth.
I find this detail especially meaningful for anyone who lost a spouse after decades together, the kind of bond that outlasted illness, hardship, the ordinary friction of a long shared life. Swedenborg's writing suggests that everything that made that bond real, the loyalty, the tenderness, the particular way two people came to understand each other over the years, is not lost with the body. If anything, it is finally unburdened, free to exist without the practical weight that so often gets tangled up with love while both people are still living in the physical world. What remains, in his description, is love in its purest and most complete form.
Why this matters alongside everything else I have researched
I want to be honest about something. Swedenborg's theology is enormous and complex, built over decades and spanning dozens of volumes, and I am only able to touch the surface of it here. He was also, without question, a man of his particular time and culture, and some of his framing reflects the religious language of eighteenth-century Christianity in ways that will not resonate with every reader equally.But what keeps bringing me back to his work is the underlying shape of what he describes. A soul that continues after death, unforced into a fixed fate, but naturally settling into the state its own love has already built. A period of gentle adjustment after death rather than instant, jarring judgment. Relationships and love that continue rather than dissolve. Angels who are simply us, further along. None of that is unique to Swedenborg alone. I have found variations of every one of these ideas across Cayce's readings, and I expect I will keep finding them as I continue researching other mystics, mediums, and even scientific researchers who have taken death seriously enough to study it closely.
I think that pattern, showing up again across sources with nothing else in common, is itself a kind of evidence. Not proof, in the way a laboratory experiment might offer proof, but something quieter and, to me, just as meaningful. A consistency that suggests these accounts might be pointing toward something real, glimpsed from different angles by people separated by centuries, culture, and belief, who nonetheless keep describing the same underlying truth about what waits for us. Love continues. Growth continues. And nothing about who you truly are is lost.
Ready to experience a reading?
If you're feeling drawn to connect with a loved one in spirit, I'd be honored to walk that path with you. You can book a mediumship reading at aperfectsoul.com.
Want more like this in your inbox? Get one story a week on grief, mediumship, and what I've learned from years of sitting with people who are healing, straight from my writing here on the blog. Join the list ➞